Tag: US

This is not the time for Secretary Rubio to act as he is when it comes to Taiwan

Posted on by Joshua Kingdom

In showing public support for Taiwan during his recent visit to Guatemala contrary to a promise made to Foreign Minister Wang Yi earlier this month, United States Secretary of State Marco Rubio played a card that is now but too common i.e. US officials saying one thing in private, and doing another when the cameras are on in regards to this question– declassified 1982 communications thus show President Reagan’s team secretly undermining the 3rd joint communiqué on the island almost the instant that it was signed.

To understand the motivation behind conduct like this, we can take to the aid of history and what we quickly find, is that the US was never on board with the idea of a Taiwan that is subordinate to mainland China to begin with. It is just that the international consensus strongly sided with Beijing such that America could not do anything about it. Additionally, Dr. Henry Kissinger who was Washington’s chief diplomat at the time recognized that having China’s back was key for both the prevailing Cold war as well as future business given her rising economy.

As USA’s perception of China changed overtime from trading partner to what most hawkish politicians at the Capitol Hill now call a threat, the country’s masked Taipei sentiments inevitably came to the fore. That is not the worst part though (I mean, countries do not always agree) but rather the fact that the United States is willing to act on the same in direct violation of international law.

With the passing of Resolution 2758 by the United Nations General Assembly, supporting Taipei secessionist forces is out rightly illegal. This instrument did not only revoke the membership of the “Republic of China” to the United Nations and sister organizations replacing it with the People’s Republic of China, but also obliged all countries party to the UN Charter, among them the US, to only recognize the latter government in their diplomatic missions (a declaration that has come to be known as the One-China principle).

Indeed, as the spokesperson for the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council Zhu Fenglian recently pointed out, as many as 183 nations have gone on to implement the said principle. Moreover, One-China is not a ghost that the Communist Party of China (CPC) is trying to awaken. The United Nations Secretary General has expressed support for it as recent as 2022. Leaders of more than 170 of the 183 countries mentioned earlier reaffirmed their commitment to this way of doing things too not long ago.

A specific recurring way in which the United States of America has put herself first despite the stipulations of legal norms, is passing domestic laws that rescind her duties to China under the global order. Take the case of the 1979 Taiwan Relations Act which effectively kneecapped all progress that President Jimmy Carter had made with the 2nd joint communiqué. Behaviour like this contravenes the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Any country going against this should be condemned and called to order!

Amazingly, China does not demand that Washington cut all her ties with Taiwan. Going by the communiqués, the two can still connect through trade and cultural initiatives to mention but a few of the exemption clauses. Insisting on having her way is therefore a wanton disregard for the rule of law by USA as it is bullish there serving to undermine a major pillar of international relations; comradely.

“Why should Mr. Rubio care now (after the US has gotten away with all these misgivings)?” you might ask. Well, there are a couple of reasons. Firstly, China is far different from what it was during Nixon’s time. As it stands, the country is among USA’s top three trading partners as well as lenders.

It would also serve Sino-USA relations well if President Trump’s administration took a path of de-escalation for its Taiwan policy given that this deludes the separatists in Taipe.

But assuming that all this analysis misreads the moment, and that Marco Rubio actually has no intention of antagonizing the China’s handling of her internal affair especially the issue of its inalianable Island – Taiwan, he still ought to conduct himself in a more responsible manner. Surely, he above all people know that remarks like his most recent will play in the hands of forces opposed to the Chinese establishment, rule based worold order and more importantly, international laws!

There is also the argument that explains Secretary of State’s style as reducible to advancement of his nation’s best interests in which case he should think twice before provoking a power of China’s military capabilities into war. We saw hints of this when in 2022 then House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi tried to provke Beijing and traveled to Taipei in show of what she called solidarity for the government there. China did not hesitate to carry out retaliatory drills.

The writer is a research fellow at the Development Watch Centre.

 

Sino-Africa Relations and USA’s Compete Act: US Should Emulate China’s Principle of Mutual Respect.

Posted on by Admin

By Allawi Ssemanda and Alan Collins Mpewo.

Last week, the United States of America (US) House of Representatives passed an act introducing strong measures to counter what they described as China’s growing relations with African Countries. In the Act entitled “America Competes Act of 2022,” US law makers passed six sections all seeking to counter or undermine China-Africa relations. The subtitle of the Act is also telling: “America Creating Opportunities for Manufacturing, Pre-Eminence, in Technology, and Economic Strength (America Competes) Act of 2022.”  If implemented, this act will see US using Africa based Civil Society organisations, US Global Media Agencies, organisations like Young African Leaders Initiative, USAID, and Mandela Washington Fellowship among others to undermine China’s development cooperation with Africa while promoting US’ primarily to promote Washington’s “Strategic interests in Africa.”

All the above should make us pause some questions such as; where does America Competes Act of 2022 leave African countries’ ambitious infrastructure and other developmental projects?  Is this Act meant to promote African countries interests and independence or America’s? Isn’t this Act against principles of respecting sovereign states legitime interests?

If critically analysed, America Competes Act of 2022 has no interest in promoting Africa’s interests or goals. The Act’s main focus is to weaken China-Africa cooperation and promote US’ “strategic interests” on the continent. Put differently, the Act is meant to help Washington revive its dying hegemony in Africa. The unfortunate part with this is that, it is not the US to miss out but Africa.

For example, section 30271 of America Competes Act of 2022 shows that its main objective is not helping African countries but rather to know how China’s projects and cooperation with African countries is impacting “US’ strategic interests.” The Act directs US secretary of state to submit a report which will guide Congress to counter Sino-Africa cooperation.

Further, section 30276 recommended amendment of “the Electrify Africa Act of 2015 by expanding the statement of U.S policy to include advancing U.S foreign policy.” In other words, US’ house of Representatives wants US’ Electrify Africa Act of 2015 amended to include provisions that promote US’ foreign policy interests in Africa at the expense of African countries. Further, the same section talks of encouraging export of US energy resources that benefits US’ interests stating that the US is committed to “helping facilitate the export of U.S. energy resources, technology, and expertise to global markets in a way that benefits the energy security of U.S.”

While it is true that all countries world over act in their own interests, aware that relationship between China and African countries are guided by China’s philosophy of mutual respect and working for a shared future, one can confidently say US’ Competes Act of 2022 whose intent is undermining Sino-Africa relations in favor of Washington’s strategic interests will largely affect African countries whose partnership with China has been praised for addressing Africa’s challenges especially infrastructure sector.

For example, the action plan for the year 2022-2024 produced from November 2021 Forum on China-Africa Co-operation (FOCAC) ministerial conference held Senegal, China renewed her commitment to continue supporting African countries development efforts. Indeed, this Action Plan details how China and African countries will co-operate in the next three years with clear details of projects to be supported through a generated consensus which reflects China’s relationship with African countries – mutual respect and the partnership of equals unlike US’ America Competes Act of 2022 passed by American law makers with no single input of African countries.

 While FOCAC’s 2022-2024 action plan offered a package of $40 billion financial commitments of which $10 billion will be invested in specific sectors, namely; manufacturing industries, agriculture and digital economy which is a big step in empowering African countries and creating China-Africa Community with a shared future, section 30273 of US’ Competes Act requires US president to “establish an interagency Working Group, which shall include representatives of the Department of State, the Department of Defense, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and other agencies…on means to counter Chinese” digital cooperation with Africa. Today, it is an open secret that technology is way to go and China has been building this capacity in a number of African countries Uganda inclusive. Therefore, any country that seeks to derail African countries or divert them from this as US’ Competes Act of 2022 seeks to do is an enemy of the continent.

Also, while section 30272 of US’ Competes Act of 2022 “requires that the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of Commerce, the Attorney General, the U.S. Trade Representative, the USAID Administrator, and the leadership of the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation submit to Congress a report setting forth a multi-year strategy for increasing,” through FOCAC’s 2022-2024 action plan, China has already earmarked $10 of her International Monterey Fund (IMF) drawing rights share to assist development in African countries. Also earmarked is $10 billion will go to supporting trade with aim of boosting African countries exports to China a development expected to increase volume of China’s imports from African countries to a whopping $300 billion while $10 billion has been set aside to facilitate credit lines to African financial institutions to be accessed by several African countries.

If critically analysed, the entire part 4 of Subtitle D of this act does not only seek to promote US’ interests but also seeks to broadly curtail African countries choice on which country to associate with. Put differently, US house of representative meet and passed a law that will covertly decide for African countries who their development partner(s) should be! Even if Washington sugarcoats their act with diplomatic words to make it look pro-Africa, the act is largely political, seeks to expand their geopolitical calculations and in light of principle of State Sovereignty of these African countries, it is against the values of sovereign states.

On contrary, China’s relations with Africa remain bold as they are founded on a principle of mutual respect, mutual benefits and not outright imperialism or ‘ally and master’ like the West’s. It’s arguably clear that China remains resolute to respect State Autonomy and Sovereignty of her African counterparts as the two sides and the U.S should learn from that development in rethinking its mode of presence in Africa.

This principle has been greatly yielding for both China and Africa in context of mutual benefits. Trade, infrastructure, energy, to state the least have a long list of achievements that have emerged from this foundational cornerstone in the few decades China has been actively present in Africa. In fact, new participants in this yielding phenomenon on the African continent have emerged by taking examples of their counterparts, key players involved in the diplomatic relations. But now with the passing of the Competes Act of 2022 by the U.S, a question stands out! How will African countries standout by the time the U.S achieves its intended goals? Africa deserves respect of its independence. Africa deserves relations of mutual respect with whoever its countries choose to engage on the global stage of diplomacy. I think it is high time the US dropped her stance against Sino-Africa relations and join China and Africa in creating a China-US-Africa Community with a shared future and benefits. Dominance is a thing of past!

Allawi Ssemanda and Alan Collins Mpewo are research fellows at Development Watch Centre, a foreign policy think